How Sophisticated Is Our Understanding of Cancer?

Cancer research is an ongoing process, which provides for an even greater sophisticated understanding of the evolvement and nature of the disease. Given the early intervention and treatment procedures, I believe that scientists and oncologists have an immense understanding of cancer. When breast cancer was diagnosed several decades ago the main surgery was a radical masectomy with removal of lymph nodes. Now, such invasive and radical procedures are used only as needed and preventative approaches are incorporated consistently. The biology of cancer is also well known and understood. From a cellular level, cancer is seen and targeted directly.
The challenge remains in preventing it entirely and further research will be necessary.